As Kristen terrifyingly notes, why would the Vatican be interested in this at all unless perhaps to use it as a conversion tool? David brushes that theory off, but I would totally pay money to continue that episode of Father vs. The Vatican wants to know if this is legit, and they should be looking into it more or if it’s a hoax. It stimulates parts of the brain and has been causing spiritual visions in a large number of its participants - and 10 percent have since converted to Christianity. How about we just start at the beginning? David, Kristen, and Ben have been sent to Cornell University to look into a new piece of brain-mapping tech they’re developing nicknamed the God Helmet. Other potential therapies based on genetic alterations in the tumor and the microenvironment in the brain are being investigated these are briefly discussed.īiomarkers Brain metastasis Breast cancer Chemotherapy Extracranial metastasis Hormonal therapy Surgical resection.“B Is for Brain” is such a genuinely unhinged episode of Evil (although I’m 100 percent sure this show can get wilder) where does one even begin? The animal-mask sex? That bag of dicks of a dude getting slammed in the head with a bag of frozen fries by a forensic psychologist at the grocery store? That image of Leland eating David’s severed arm? It’s almost too much to handle, but also the perfect amount. Novel therapies such as application of agents to reduce tumor angiogenesis or alter permeability of the blood brain barrier are being explored with preliminary results suggesting a potential to improve survival after brain metastasis. Factors that had an impact on prognosis included grade and size of the tumor, multiple metastases, presence of extra-cranial metastasis, triple negative or HER2+ biomarker status, and high Karnovsky score.
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Treatment in most patients consisted of a multimodality approach often with two or more of the following: whole brain radiation therapy (52 %), chemotherapy (51 %), stereotactic radiosurgery (20 %), surgical resection (14 %), trastuzumab (39 %) for HER2 positive tumors, and hormonal therapy (34 %) for ER and/or PR positive tumors.
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Of the primary tumors for which biomarkers were recorded, 37 % were estrogen receptor (ER)+, 41 % ER-, 36 % progesterone receptor (PR)+, 34 % PR-, 35 % human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+, 41 % HER2-, 27 % triple negative and 18 % triple positive (TP). Cerebellum and frontal lobes were the most common sites of metastasis (33 and 16 %, respectively). A majority of the patients had multiple metastases (54.2 %). The most common symptoms experienced in patients with brain metastasis consisted of headache (35 %), vomiting (26 %), nausea (23 %), hemiparesis (22 %), visual changes (13 %) and seizures (12 %). The median time intervals between the diagnosis of breast cancer to identification of brain metastasis and from identification of brain metastasis to death were 34 and 15 months, respectively. Axillary node metastasis was noted in 32.8 % of the patients who developed brain metastasis. The mean age at the time of breast cancer and brain metastasis diagnoses was 50.3 and 48.8 years respectively. The incidence of brain metastasis from breast cancer (24 % in this review) is increasing due to advances in both imaging technologies leading to earlier detection of the brain metastases and introduction of novel therapies resulting in longer survival from the primary breast cancer. The review covers the data from 106 articles representing this subject in the era of modern neuroimaging (past 35 years).
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This comprehensive review provides information on epidemiology, size, grade, cerebral localization, clinical symptoms, treatments, and factors associated with longer survival in 14,599 patients with brain metastasis from breast cancer the molecular features of breast cancers most likely to develop brain metastases and the potential use of these predictive molecular alterations for patient management and future therapeutic targets are also addressed.